Dinâmicas Internas e a hegemonia estadunidense:as narrativas anti-liberais dos Oath Keepers e os sintomas da crise da ordem liberal internacional
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26792/rbed.v12i1.75455Palavras-chave:
US, Liberal International Order, Hegemony, Extreme-Right Militias, Oath KeepersResumo
A primeira eleição de Donald Trump em 2016 reacendeu os debates sobre a hegemonia dos Estados Unidos e o futuro da ordem internacional liberal (OIL). No entanto,inúmeras análises sobre o tema negligenciam a conexão entre as dinâmicas internas dos EUA e a hegemonia global. Quando essas dinâmicas internas são consideradas, as reflexões teóricas tendem a se concentrar nos aspectos positivos do sistema político americano, com menor atenção às suas contradições internas, à perda de consenso e às narrativas antiliberais. Embora o primeiro mandato de Trump tenha intensificado tais contradições e desigualdades domésticas, narrativas de milícias de extrema direita, como as dos Oath Keepers (OK), já existiam anteriormente. Para exemplificar essas contradições internas, analisamos o primeiro ano do blog dos OK e mostramos com a narrativa de seus membros desafia pilares centrais da OIL. Fundados por ex-integrantes das forças armadas e de segurança, e mantendo uma organização paramilitar, o caso dos OK demonstra a existência de uma mobilização de longo prazo de atores de extrema direita orientados para o uso da violência. O artigo está dividido em três seções: primeiro, apresentamos o debate sobre hegemonia e como ele se concentra majoritariamente em componentes internacionais; em seguida, focamos no conceito neogramsciano de hegemonia e em como ele contribui para trazer o âmbito doméstico e suas forças sociais para o centro da análise; e, por fim, analisamos a narrativa dos OK.
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