Missões de estabilização e a virada robusta das operações de paz da ONU
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26792/rbed.v9n1.2022.75179Palavras-chave:
Estabilização, Operações de paz, Peacekeeping robusto, Uso da forçaResumo
Este artigo examina as missões de estabilização da ONU — Minustah, Monusco, Minusma e Minusca —, procurando identificar os fatores que têm levado essas missões a radicalizarem a virada robusta em curso nas operações de paz desde os anos 1990/2000.
Downloads
Referências
Aoi, Chiyuki, Cedric de CONING, and John Karlsrud. 2017. “Introduction: Addressing the emerging gap between concepts, doctrine, and practices in UN peacekeeping operations”. In de Coning, Cedric, Chiyuki Aoi, and John Karlsrud (Ed) UN Peacekeeping Doctrine in a New Era. London: Routledge, 1-30.
Bellamy, Alex, and Paul D. Williams. 2010. Understanding Peacekeeping. Cambridge: Polity.
Castro, Celso, e Adriana Marques. 2019. Missão Haiti: A visão dos force commanders. Rio de Janeiro: FGV.
CSNU. 2004a. S/PV.4917 - Security Council 4917th meeting - 26 February 2004. New York: UN Security Council.
CSNU. 2004b. S/RES/1542(2004) - Security Council Resolution 1542 (2004). New York: UN Security Council.
CSNU. 2004c. S/RES/1576(2004) - Security Council Resolution 1576 (2004). New York: UN Security Council.
CSNU. 2004d. SC/8083 - Security Council establishes UN Stabilization Mission in Haiti for initial six-month period. New York: UN Security Council.
CSNU. 2004e. SC/8183 - Security Council underscores need for Transitional Government of Haiti to extend authority throughout country. New York: UN Security Council.
CSNU. 2004f. SC/8254 - Security Council extends mandate of UN Mission in Haiti until 1 June 2005. New York: UN Security Council.
CSNU. 2005. S/2005/302 - Report of the Security Council mission to Haiti, 13 to 16 April 2005. New York: UN Security Council.
CSNU. 2010a. SC/9847 - Security Council Boosts Force Levels for Military, Police Components of United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti. New York: UN Security Council.
CSNU. 2010b. S/PV.6274 - Security Council 6274th meeting - 19 February 2010. New York: UN Security Council.
CSNU. 2012. S/RES/2085 (2012) - Security Council Resolution 2085 (2012). New York: UN Security Council.
CSNU. 2013a. S/RES/2098 (2013) - Security Council Resolution 2098 (2013). New York: UN Security Council.
CSNU. 2013b. S/PV.6943 - Security Council 6943th meeting - 28 March 2013. New York: UN Security Council.
CSNU. 2013c. S/PV.6952 - Security Council 6952th meeting - 25 April 2013. New York: UN Security Council.
CSNU. 2013d. S/RES/2100 (2013) - Security Council Resolution 2100 (2013). New York: UN Security Council.
CSNU. 2014a. S/PV.7092 – UNSC 7092nd Meeting: The situation in the Central African Republic. New York: United Nations.
CSNU. 2014b. S/RES/2149 (2014) - UNSC Resolution 2149 on Democratic Republic of the Congo. New York: United Nations.
CSNU. 2014c. S/RES/2164 (2014) - UNSC Resolution 2164 on Mali. New York: United Nations.
CSNU. 2018a. Background - UN Integrated Peacebuilding Office in the Central African Republic, BINUCA. New York: United Nations.
CSNU. 2019a. S/PV.8692 - 8692nd UNSC meeting. New York: UN Security Council.
CSNU. 2019b. S/RES/2502 (2019) – Security Council Resolution 2502 (2019). New York: UN Security Council.
Curran, David, and Paul Holtom. 2015. “Resonating, Rejecting, Reinterpreting: Mapping the Stabilization Discourse in the United Nations Security Council, 2000-14.” Stability: International Journal of Security & Development 4(1): 1-18.
Dennys, Christian. 2014. Military Intervention, Stabilisation and Peace: The search for stability. London: Routledge.
Dorn, Walter. 2016. Smart Peacekeeping: Toward Tech-Enabled UN Operations. New York: International Peace Institute.
EUA. 2005. Directive DoDD 3000.05. Washington, D.C.: Department of Defense.
EUA. 2016. Joint Publication 3-07: Stability. Washington, D.C.: Joint Chiefs of Staff.
Herbert, Siân. 2013. “Stability and stabilisation approaches in multinational interventions”. In GSDRC Helpdesk, Research Report 966. Birmingham, UK: University of Birmingham.
HIPPO. 2015. Report of the High-Level Independent Panel on Peace Operations. New York: United Nations.
Kaldor, Mary. 2012. New and Old Wars: organized violence in a global era. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Karlsrud, John. 2015. “The UN at War: Examining the Consequences of Peace Enforcement Mandates for the UN Peacekeeping Operations in the CAR, the DRC and Mali”. Third World Quarterly 36(1): 40-54.
Karlsrud, John. 2018. The UN at War: Peace Operations in a New Era. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Karlsrud, John, and Adam Smith. 2015. Europe’s Return to UN Peacekeeping in Africa? Lessons from Mali. New York: International Peace Institute.
Kenkel, Kai Michael. 2013. “Five generations of peace operations: from the ‘thin blue line’ to ‘painting a country blue’”. Rev. bras. polít. int. 56(1): 122-143.
Kjeksrud, Stian, and Lotte Vermeij. 2017. “Protecting governments from insurgencies: The Democratic Republic of the Congo and Mali”. In de Coning, Cedric, Chiyuki Aoi, and John Karlsrud (ed) UN Peacekeeping Doctrine in a New Era: Adapting to Stabilisation, Protection and New Threats. London: Routledge, 227-246.
ONU. 2000. S/2000/809 - Report of the Panel on United Nations Peace Operations (Brahimi Report). New York: United Nations.
ONU. 2008. United Nations Peacekeeping Operations Principles and Guidelines – Capstone Doctrine. New York: United Nations.
ONU. 2009. A New Partnership Agenda: Charting a New Horizon for UN Peacekeeping. New York: United Nations.
Peirce, Jennifer. 2007. “Protection for Whom? Stabilization and Coercive Rule in Haiti.” Paterson Review 8: 96-112.
Ramsbotham, Oliver, Tom Woodhouse, and Hugh Miall. 2008. Contemporary Conflict Resolution. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Rhoads, Emily Paddon. 2016. Taking Sides in Peacekeeping: Impartiality and the Future of the United Nations. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Tardy, Thierry. 2011. “A Critique of Robust Peacekeeping in Contemporary Peace Operations.” International Peacekeeping 18(2): 152–167.
Zyck, Steven A., Sultan Barakat, and Seán Deely. 2014. “The Evolution of Stabilization Concepts and Praxis”. In Muggah, Robert (ed.) Stabilization Operations, Security and Development: States of Fragility. London: Routledge, 15-34.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Autores que publicam nesta revista concordam com os seguintes termos:1) Autores mantêm os direitos autorais e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons Attribution que permite o compartilhamento do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
2) Autores têm autorização para assumir contratos adicionais separadamente, para distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicada nesta revista (ex.: publicar em repositório institucional ou como capítulo de livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
3) Autores têm permissão e são estimulados a publicar e distribuir seu trabalho online (ex.: em repositórios institucionais ou na sua página pessoal) a qualquer ponto antes ou durante o processo editorial, já que isso pode gerar alterações produtivas, bem como aumentar o impacto e a citação do trabalho publicado (Veja O Efeito do Acesso Livre).