Remote Control: Drones and the Operationalization of the State of Exception in Contemporary Warfare
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26792/rbed.v13i1.75487Keywords:
drones armados, guerra ao terror, estado de exceção, biopolíticaAbstract
This article critically examines the role of armed drones as a central instrument of U.S. military strategy in the context of the War on Terror. It argues that drones are not merely a technological innovation, but rather part of a deeper transformation in contemporary forms of sovereignty, legality, and the management of life. Drawing on a theoretical-analytical approach grounded in the works of Giorgio Agamben, Michel Foucault, Judith Butler, and Grégoire Chamayou, the article explores how drones operate within a permanent state of exception, in which the distinction between legality and illegality becomes blurred and certain lives are produced as legitimate targets for elimination. The article is structured around three main axes: the relationship between drones, contemporary warfare, and sovereignty; the logic of the state of exception and the suspension of law; and the biopolitics of war, which defines who must live and who may die. It concludes that drones express a form of warlike governmentality that normalizes the remote and selective elimination of precarious lives under the guise of technological neutrality.
Downloads
References
Agamben, Giorgio. 1998. Homo sacer: o poder soberano e a vida nua I. Traduzido por Henrique Burigo. Belo Horizonte: Editora UFMG.
Agamben, Giorgio. 2004. Estado de exceção. Traduzido por Iraci D. Poleti. São Paulo: Boitempo.
Boyle, Michael J. 2020. The Drone Age: How Drone Technology Will Change War and Peace. Oxford: Oxford University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190635862.001.0001
Bureau of Investigative Journalism. 2020. "Drone Warfare." The Bureau of Investigative Journalism. Acesso em 11 de janeiro de 2026. https://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/projects/drone-war.
Caetano, Gabriel. 2024. "Drones: A Visual, Vertical, and Virtual Genealogy." In Drones and the Annihilation-Image in Contemporary Warfare: The Case of 'Eye in the Sky' in the Washington-Hollywood Entanglement, 109–147. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-70435-2_4
Chamayou, Grégoire. 2015. Teoria do drone. Traduzido por Célio Mauro. São Paulo: Cosac Naify.
Department of Defense. 2022. 2022 National Defense Strategy of the United States of America. Washington, DC: Department of Defense.
Department of Defense. 2025. "Pentagon provides update on Operation Southern Spear, reaffirms SOCOM called for." Department of Defense. Acesso em 10 de março de 2026. https://www.southcom.mil/MEDIA/NEWS-ARTICLES/Article/4346451/pentagon-provides-update-on-operation-southern-spear-reaffirms-socom-called-for/.
Department of Justice. 2011. White Paper: Lawfulness of a Lethal Operation Directed Against a U.S. Citizen Who Is a Senior Operational Leader of Al-Qa'ida or An Associated Force. Washington, DC: Department of Justice.
Fitzgerald, Andrew. 2025. "Death by Data: Abstraction and the Political Economy of Computationally Driven State Violence." Media Theory 9 (1): 169–200. DOI: https://doi.org/10.70064/mt.v9i1.1169
Foucault, Michel. 2008. Segurança, território, população: curso no Collège de France (1977- 1978). Traduzido por Eduardo Brandão. São Paulo: Martins Fontes.
Grayson, Kyle. 2016. Cultural Politics of Targeted Killing: On Drones, Counter-Insurgency, and Violence. London: Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315627755
Kindervater, Katharine Hall. 2016. "The Emergence of Lethal Surveillance: Watching and Killing in the History of Drone Technology." Security Dialogue 47 (3): 223–238. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0967010615616011
PBS NewsHour. 2026. "A timeline of U.S. military escalation against Venezuela leading to Maduro's capture." PBS NewsHour. Acesso em 10 de março de 2026. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/a-timeline-of-u-s-military-escalation-against-venezuela-leading-to-maduros-capture.
Peron, Alcides Eduardo dos Reis, e Rafael de Brito Dias. 2018. "'No Boots on the Ground': Reflections on the US Drone Campaign through Virtuous War and STS Theories." Contexto Internacional 40 (1): 53–71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-8529.2017400100003
Reuters. 2025. "Russia using spare oil refining capacity to offset Ukrainian drone damage." Reuters. Acesso em 10 de março de 2026. https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/russia-using-spare-oil-refining-capacity-offset-ukrainian-drone-damage-sources-2025-11-13/.
Rogers, James, ed. 2024. De Gruyter Handbook of Drone Warfare. Berlin: De Gruyter.
Russia Matters. 2025. "Russia-Ukraine War Report Card, Nov. 12, 2025." Russia Matters. Acesso em 10 de março de 2026. https://www.russiamatters.org/news/russia-ukraine-war-report-card/russia-ukraine-war-report-card-nov-12-2025.
Scahill, J. (2015) The assassination complex: the whistleblower who leaked the drone papers believes the public is entitled to know how people are placed on kill lists and assassinated on orders from the president’, The Intercept, 15 October. Disponível em: https://theintercept.com/drone-papers/the-assassination-complex/. Acessado em 10 de março de 2026).
Scahill, J. (2016) The Assassination Complex: Inside the Government’s Secret Drone Warfare. Program. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Lívia Rangel, Gabriel Passoni Barbosa

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Autores que publicam nesta revista concordam com os seguintes termos:1) Autores mantêm os direitos autorais e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons Attribution que permite o compartilhamento do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
2) Autores têm autorização para assumir contratos adicionais separadamente, para distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicada nesta revista (ex.: publicar em repositório institucional ou como capítulo de livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
3) Autores têm permissão e são estimulados a publicar e distribuir seu trabalho online (ex.: em repositórios institucionais ou na sua página pessoal) a qualquer ponto antes ou durante o processo editorial, já que isso pode gerar alterações produtivas, bem como aumentar o impacto e a citação do trabalho publicado (Veja O Efeito do Acesso Livre).