Submissions

Author Guidelines

Types of Accepted Documents

Articles:
Articles should contain between 7,000 and 8,000 words in total, including references and footnotes (and excluding the abstract).
The publication of articles responds exclusively to merit criteria. The evaluation process is identical for all articles.
After the preliminary assessment of suitability to the journal's standards and scope, approved articles will be submitted to at least two double-blind reviews.
Only in the case of PrePrints, the reviewers are aware of the authorship of the manuscript (single-blind). When submitting an article deposited in PrePrint repositories, the authors agree to this evaluation format. If you wish to submit an article already available in a PrePrint repository, check the related section in our editorial policy.

Essays:
Essays should contain between 7,000 and 8,000 words in total. Essays review literature and academic debates, offer new approaches and perspectives to research on a certain topic, identify new directions for a field, or offer reflections on experiences in the field. The manuscript preparation guidelines presented below apply equally to articles and essays. After the preliminary assessment of suitability to the journal's standards and scope, essays will be evaluated by at least two reviewers in a double-blind system.

Reviews:
Book reviews should contain up to 2,000 words and refer to works published up to four years ago. All reviews are evaluated by the journal's Editorial Board itself based on the criteria of adequacy to the RBED's editorial policy and scope and the relevance of the review to the ongoing debates in the area. The Editorial Board may request a specific opinion if it deems it appropriate.

Special sections:
The editors will consider proposals for special sections (05–07 research articles, in addition to a special introduction by the proponents), which can be submitted to the journal's e-mail on an ongoing basis. The proposal coordinators must have, as a requirement, a doctorate. The proposal must include the following information:

• The adequacy of the proposed special section to the objectives and scope of the RBED, and how it dialogues with research previously published in the journal;
• The problem/gap/academic debate that it aims to address. Proposals that do not present a clear original contribution to the wider academic debate (for example, beyond obtaining empirical conclusions about individual case studies) will be rejected;
• The theoretical or conceptual structure of the special section, and how it will inform each individual submission. Proposals must demonstrate how each manuscript relates to the overall theoretical-conceptual structure established by the special section editor;
• The abstracts of the articles and the summarized biography of each author. Each contribution must follow the usual guidelines for research articles, with the exception of the editorial introduction by the special section editor;
• Proposals with diversity among editors and authors in terms of gender, institutional affiliation and geographic distribution will be prioritized;
• The relevance of the proposal to the wider RBED public must be highlighted, as well as its social and political relevance;
• Expected submission schedule. Note that each manuscript submitted as part of a special section will be sent for peer review in a double-blind system, as in standard research articles.

The editors' decision to accept the submission of a special section does not guarantee the result of the peer review of each individual manuscript. Special section editors are strongly encouraged to conduct a rigorous internal review before manuscripts are submitted to RBED.

Autorship
Articles, essays and reviews may be authored by up to three authors. 
In order to provide transparency regarding the contribution of each author to the production of the scientific work, the Brazilian Journal of Defense Studies requests that co-authored works indicate the individual contribution of each author to the article in the cover letter.

Language
Publications in Portuguese, Spanish and English are accepted. Articles will be published in the language in which they were originally submitted.

Files and online submission process

Articles, essays and reviews must be submitted exclusively through the Brazilian Journal of Defense Studies website, accessed at: https://rbed.abedef.org/rbed/about/submissions. All steps indicated for online submission must be followed. Two files (in .doc or .docx format) must be attached for online submission:

• The first file is the main document, that is, the version of the manuscript that will be read by the ad hoc reviewers. Therefore, the article must be sent without any type of reference or information that allows the identification of the authors, containing only the title, abstract and keywords in the original language and in English, the text and the bibliographic references ― excluding the references that allow the identification of the authors. Check below for information on manuscript preparation, including the section on anonymization.
• The second file is a cover letter that must contain:
  A summarized biography of each author. Each biography must consist of a paragraph of no more than 60 words, including: their highest degree, professional affiliation, city, state, country, registration number in the Open Researcher and Contributor ID (ORCiD), contact e-mail and identification of the author's contribution.
  Example:

Peter Parker has a doctorate in International Relations from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Professor and researcher of International Relations at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Founding member and former president of the Fictitious Institution for Exemplification. Orcid.org/0000-0000-0000-0000. E-mail: peterparker@abed.br

• In the case of co-authorship, the cover letter must also include the identification of each author's contribution to different stages of the research (e.g., Contribution in the stages of methodology development; data collection; analysis; writing of the original draft). We suggest checking the CReDiT taxonomy, which can be found here.
• Furthermore, the letter must include a funding statement explicitly stating sources of support for the work, including names of sponsors, contract number (if any), along with explanations about the role of these sources. If the article is approved, this information will be included as a footnote in the final version of the article.
• Also in the letter, authors are responsible for recognizing and disclosing conflicts of interest (financial or otherwise) that may have influenced the work.
• Finally, the cover letter is also intended for the inclusion of comments and justifications to the Editor-in-Chief about any aspect related to the processing of the article. Information that reveals the authorship of the text and acknowledgments can also be included here, preserving the anonymity of the main file.

Manuscript Preparation
Submissions that do not comply with the Instructions to Authors will not be accepted for evaluation and their proposers will be duly notified.

Authorship
The author(s)' name(s) must be accompanied by their institutional affiliation, city, state, country and institutional e-mail. All authors are requested to provide their registration numbers in the Open Researcher and Contributor ID (ORCID). Co-authored texts must, in the cover letter, specify the contributions of each author to the construction of the text. The Journal reserves the right to evaluate this letter in accordance with the ethical principles and good scientific practices of the RBED. The addition of co-authors after the submission of the article is not allowed. The same author may not submit more than one article, even in co-authorship, simultaneously to the RBED.

Articles and essays
Submitted articles must be unpublished and exclusive during the evaluation process at RBED (see the editorial policy). Manuscripts published in proceedings of scientific events and on preprint platforms listed in our editorial policy are also considered unpublished. The manuscript must be presented in its final version, with spelling and grammatical correction in the corresponding language and without revision marks.

• Articles and essays should contain between 7,000 and 8,000 words in total, including references and footnotes (and excluding the abstract). Articles that exceed this limit will be returned to the authors for adjustment.
• Texts submitted to RBED must be formatted in Times New Roman, size 12, with 1.5 spacing, using italics for emphasis and quotation marks only for citations.
  Texts submitted to RBED must have concise titles (maximum of 80 characters, including spaces) in the language in which the submission is written. Texts must be accompanied by 4 keywords and an abstract of 150 to 200 words. Abstracts must specify the problem, the central argument of the article, the substantive contribution to the field of literature in which it is inscribed, and the methodological choices.
• Articles in Portuguese must present the title, abstract and keywords in Portuguese and English. Articles in English or Spanish must present these elements also in Portuguese.
• Footnotes are restricted to additional clarifications to the text and must be synthetic. URLs for references must be informed with the access dates, and always at the end of the text, in the complete references, never in the footnotes.
• Submissions must not contain the author's name or any references to it, in order to enable blind peer review. Pay attention to the removal of the author from the file before submitting the originals for evaluation (more information below, in the section on Anonymization).

Reviews
Book reviews should contain up to 2,000 words. Texts must have a title of up to 50 characters with spaces, and must contain references.
The manuscript must be presented in its final version, with spelling and grammatical correction in the corresponding language and without revision marks, in Times New Roman font, size 12, with 1.5 spacing.
Reviews of works launched within a period of four years are published.

Digital Assets
Tables, charts, graphs, and figures must be cited in the text and inserted immediately below the citation. In the case of articles with tables, charts, graphs, and figures, inform below each one the source used, including when it is its own elaboration (e.g., its own elaboration, based on IBGE 2005; or: its own elaboration, based on Santos, 2002). Even when the data originate from a project coordinated by the author, it is necessary to inform the project's name as the source.
The internal content of figures and illustrations must be in Times New Roman font, size 11.

Anonymization
To ensure the integrity of the blind peer review for submissions to this journal, every effort must be made to prevent the identities of authors and reviewers from being known to each other. This involves authors, editors, and reviewers (who upload documents as part of their review) checking that the following steps have been taken regarding the text and file properties:

• Document authors should remove their names from the text, with the literal " Author" and year used in the references and footnotes, instead of the authors' names, article title, etc.
• In Microsoft Office documents, the author's identification must also be removed from the file properties (see the File menu in Word), clicking on the following, starting with File in the main application menu of Microsoft: File> Save As > Tools (or Options on Mac ) > Security> Remove personal information from file properties on save > Save.
• Document authors should remove their names from the text, with the literal "Author" and the year used in the references and footnotes, instead of the authors' names, article title, etc.
  Document authors should remove personal information from the file properties by performing the following steps:
  • Microsoft Word (version 365) for Windows:
    • Go to File Select Info
    • Click Check for Issues
    • Click Inspect Document
    • In the Document
    • Inspector dialog box, check the boxes to choose the type of hidden content you want to be inspected.
    • Click Inspect
    • In Document Properties and Personal Information, click Remove All
    • Click Close
      Save the document

• • Microsoft Word for MacOS:
    • Go to Tools
    • Click Protect Document
    • Select Remove personal information from this file on save
    • Click OK and save the file

Citations and references
The bibliography must be cited according to the Chicago Manual of Style - 18th edition (Author year, page), referencing the cited literature at the end of the text; in the case of book reviews, the complete data and the ISBN of the analyzed work must be informed. The complete guide can be found at: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide/citation-guide-2.html
Textual citations must appear in quotation marks, in the body of the text, when they have up to three lines; and in a new paragraph, when they are more than three lines.

Examples of references and citations:

- Books:
Grazer, Brian, and Charles Fishman. 2015. A Curious Mind: The Secret to a Bigger Life. Simon & Schuster.
Smith, Zadie. 2016. Swing Time. Penguin Press.
In-text citation:
(Grazer and Fishman 2015)
(Smith 2016, 315–16)

- Journal articles:
Dittmar, Emily L., and Douglas W. Schemske. 2023. “Temporal Variation in Selection Influences Microgeographic Local Adaptation.” American Naturalist 202 (4): 471–85. https://doi.org/10.1086/725865.
Kwon, Hyeyoung. 2022. “Inclusion Work: Children of Immigrants Claiming Membership in Everyday Life.” American Journal of Sociology 127 (6): 1818–59. https://doi.org/10.1086/720277.
In-text citation:
(Dittmar and Schemske 2023, 480)
(Kwon 2022, 1842–43)

- Edited volume chapters:
Doyle, Kathleen. 2023. “The Queen Mary Psalter.” In The Book by Design: The Remarkable Story of the World’s Greatest Invention, edited by P. J. M. Marks and Stephen Parkin. University of Chicago Press.
In-text citation:
(Doyle 2023, 64)

- News:
Klein, Elana. 2023. “Meet Flip, the Viral Video App Giving Away Free Stuff.” Wired, 21 de dezembro. https://www.wired.com/story/flip-viral-video-app-shopping-free-stuff/.
In-text citation:
(Klein 2023)

- Website:
Google. 2023. “Privacy Policy.” Privacy & Terms. https://policies.google.com/privacy.
Yale University. s.d. “About Yale: Yale Facts.” https://www.yale.edu/about-yale/yale-facts.
In-text citation:
(Google 2023)
(Yale University, s.d.)